THEME: "Current and Emerging Trends in the Field of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research"
Vaccines are the preparations given to patients to excite immune responses leading to the building of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions. There is currently intense research activity targeted at the development of new delivery systems for vaccines. Vaccines are normally composed of killed or attenuated organisms or subunits of organisms or DNA encoding antigenic proteins of pathogens. Sub-unit vaccines though exceptionally selective and specific in reacting with antibodies often fail to expose such reactions in circumstances such as shifts in epitopic identification center of antibody and are poorly immunogenic.