Qanitha Samar

Madinah Cardiac Center, Medina, KSA

Title: Intrauterine Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty to overcome hypoplastic left heart syndrome -A Review article

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Biography

Qanitha Samar, a senior cardiac sonographer with ten years of professional experience and acquired knowledge in echocardiography, enthuses about the research into new technologies and applied cardiac interventions and their impact on remodelling the heart. Her current project is about evaluating the success of evolving intrauterine aortic balloon valvuloplasty in hypoplastic left heart syndrome over early surgical intervention in infants by improving the biventricular function. To make her work more reliable for the readers she prefers to be mentored by few best research cardiologists associated with the Saudi heart association. Because of her volunteerism, she has a passion for health awareness among Madinah residents.

Abstract

Critical aortic stenosis in fetuses is associated with retrograde or bidirectional systolic transverse arch flow, which later leads to an anomaly called hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) at birth in which the left heart is underdeveloped, reducing the systemic blood flow. Hence, the intervention is indeed necessary for survival. With evolving intrauterine aortic balloon valvuloplasty (IUABV) or fetal balloon aortic Valvuloplasty (FAV) as a treatment option in mid-trimester helps to decrease HLHS with better outcomes of ventricular function after birth with improved prognosis. In the near future, it can be a treatment of choice over early surgical interventions in infants if the risk of FAV fetal demise is lower. A review study was performed based on the electronic search; data obtained from the literature review and research articles from 2011 to 2022 considering the factors like FAV candidate’s criteria, associated lesions, complications associated with the procedure, mother and fetus safety, measurements considered pre and post procedures, and recorded measurements of prenatal and postnatal were compared. LV length ratios to LV pressure estimation have favored improved ventricular function progressively at the age of one year. The results of FAV with success birth rates of 75-85% and death rates of 10-20%, respectively, and a moderate increase in biventricular circulation necessitate the procedure’s expansion to be widely practiced. At present working on accumulating the data regarding acceptable associated risk, the rate of fetal demise around the globe and the progress of the patient’s health after the age of 5 years.