COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory illness that emerged in late 2019. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Symptoms range from mild (fever, cough, fatigue) to severe (shortness of breath, pneumonia, organ failure), and some individuals may be asymptomatic. Key preventive measures include vaccination, mask-wearing, physical distancing, and frequent handwashing. Although there is no specific cure, treatments like antiviral drugs, steroids, and oxygen therapy help manage symptoms. COVID-19 has led to a global health crisis, significantly impacting economies, healthcare systems, and daily life worldwide.