Fungal Infectious Diseases

Fungal infections are caused by fungi and can range from mild, superficial conditions to severe, systemic diseases. Common superficial infections include athlete’s foot, ringworm, and candidiasis (oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections). Systemic fungal infections like histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), and aspergillosis affect internal organs, especially the lungs. Opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis and mucormycosis are more common in individuals with weakened immune systems. Risk factors include compromised immunity (e.g., HIV or cancer treatments), chronic conditions like diabetes, antibiotic use, and exposure to fungal spores in the environment. Diagnosis involves microscopy, cultures, imaging, and blood tests. Treatment typically includes antifungal medications, both topical and systemic, and in severe cases, surgery. Preventive measures include good hygiene, protective equipment in high-risk environments, and managing underlying health conditions.