Infectious Disease Epidemiology studies the patterns, causes, and effects of infectious diseases within populations. It focuses on understanding how diseases spread through mechanisms like direct contact, vectors, or airborne transmission. Epidemiologists track incidence (new cases) and prevalence (total cases) to assess the impact of diseases. They identify risk factors, conduct outbreak investigations, and develop strategies to control diseases, such as vaccination and public health interventions. Surveillance and data modeling are crucial tools for predicting disease spread and guiding responses. This field is essential for managing epidemics and pandemics, improving global health, and preventing future outbreaks.