Biography

Paul is the owner of Secured & Prepared Consulting, LLC. He is a Certified Healthcare Protection Administrator and a Certified Associate Project Manager. Paul is the Past President of the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety. Paul participated as a Technical Advisor to the Joint Commission in developing the Workplace Violence Prevention Standards. Paul has a Bachelor’s Degree in Criminal Justice from Rowan University, a Master’s Degree in Safety Engineering from Warren University, and a Master’s in Administrative Science from Farleigh Dickinson University. He has been published in Campus Safety Magazine, govCIO Outlook, Total Security Advisor, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Journal of Emergency Nursing, Security Management Magazine, Journal of Radiology Nursing, HcPro, Journal of Healthcare Protection Management, and Hospital Safety and Security Management.

Abstract

Statistics show that healthcare workers are five times more likely to be a victim of an aggravated assault than workers in other industries. This violence impacts employee engagement as well as their sense of safety and well-being. Learn the facts about violence in healthcare, the elements of a successful violence prevention program and the leading practices to conduct an assessment and to implement proven strategies to mitigate violence.

Biography

Shoba George completed her Master’s in Nursing and Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification in 2014 and her Doctorate in Nursing Practice in 2022. She currently works at the Los Angeles County University of California Medical Center as a Nurse Practitioner in the Emergency Department and has 9 years of experience (during the time of conference I will complete 9 years). She performs the Point of Care Ultrasound in her daily practice. She also teaches part-time at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Nursing in the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program.

Abstract

Objectives:

1. At the end of the presentation, participants will be able to:
2. State at least two uses of Cardiac POCUS in the ED
3. Identify pericardial effusion in an ultrasound image.
4. Differentiate between normal fluid status versus fluid overload in patients.
5. Identify normal left ventricular ejection fraction versus significant abnormality. 

Biography

Stephen Mago is a distinguished academic leader and scholar at Nelson Mandela University, serving as a Full Professor of Development Studies and Department Head. His research focuses on development finance and entrepreneurship, addressing socio-economic challenges and promoting inclusive practices. With a passion for entrepreneurship, he is pursuing a second PhD in the field to further his expertise, particularly in rural development. He is well-published and recognized for his contributions to development studies. He also serves as the Faculty Ethics Chair, ensuring research integrity within the academic community. As a visionary leader and ethical steward,  he inspires colleagues and students, leaving a lasting impact on academia and sustainable development.

Abstract

Globally, women are becoming architects of change as they drive global development from various domains. The purpose of this presentation is therefore to explore the multifaceted landscape of empowerment of women and their leadership development across various domains. The domains encapsulate health and wellness, technology and innovation, power and decision-making, science and education, business leadership, rights and gender equality, and societal impact. The presentation is cognisant of the broad aspects involving the need for women to influence global change through empowerment. It therefore delves into critical topics, highlighting the importance of holistic approaches to women's empowerment. Inspired by the theme, ‘Women: Influencing the Global’, the presentation highlights women's significant contributions to change across various domains mentioned before. It also aims to inspire and empower women in their endeavours to influence the global agenda through the process of driving positive change and shaping an inclusive (through inclusive growth and development) and equitable future at the global level. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities faced by women are discussed. These include their situations in positions of power, from political representation to corporate leadership. Issues such as the gender pay gap, empowerment advocacy and balanced decision-making. Participation of women in education, science and business leadership should emphasise equal rights, inclusivity, and diversity. To strengthen the empowerment agenda, strategies should be proposed and developed to overcome bias and promote network buildings thus fostering skills for promoting the empowerment project. 

Biography

She has been a registered nurse in charge of palliative care and community care at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital in northern Taiwan for 10 years. In 2019, Taiwan passed the Patient Right to Autonomy Act, which allows people to exercise medical autonomy through Advance Caring Planning (ACP), which helps people and their families understand what they can do to make legal advance medical decisions. Now, I devote myself to this field to encourage people to participate in advanced decisions to help them improve their quality of care at the end of life

Abstract

Background: People making their own decisions about end-of-life care is important for a good death, and it is the mission of advanced practice nurses to assist them. Objectives: To understand the processes of people participating in their advance decisions about end-of-life. Methods: Recruiting criteria: (1) age 18 and above; (2) attending Advanced Care Planning and having made an Advanced Direction; and (3) speaking Chinese. Data Collect used focus group interviews with a semi-structured interview guide from April 2022 to September 2023 in Taiwan. A total of five focus group interviews were conducted. Key learnings: There were six themes sorted. 1. Personal beliefs: death was a natural process of life, and it was necessary to maintain dignity when life ended. 2. Life experience: previous experiences influence their behavior positively and negatively. 3. Expectations for one’s life: participants want to defend and protect their rights and be the masters of their own lives. 4. The expression of love: participants don’t want their family members to feel pain or pressure because of them, and be a burden. 5. The moment: before they attended the advanced decision, most of them had heard speeches on death or life issues, and discussions with family members about their own advanced decisions. 6. Peace: after engaging in advanced decisions, they felt at ease, relieved, and free of worries. Conclusion: The results understand the processes of people involved in their advanced decisions, and future interventions could consider how to encourage people to take actions on them.

Biography

Abstract

Introduction: Dementia care has become a significant challenge for public health and healthcare systems, greatly impacting the physical and mental health and the quality of life of individuals. Sleep disturbances are among the common symptoms of dementia, further deteriorating patients' health conditions and increasing the caregiving load. Wearable devices, such as wrist or hip actigraphs, are often chosen as alternatives to polysomnography for gathering sleep-related data. However, due to cognitive decline, the presence of such devices might induce confusion, delusions, or hallucinations in people with dementia, leading to anxiety, fear, and even aberrant behaviors. Hence, the development of non-intrusive sleep monitoring devices to track their sleep states is a crucial solution that needs attention. 

Purpose: The primary goal of this project is to investigate the relationship between sleep data and health indicators of people with dementia using a non-invasive sleep detection smart mattress, combined with sensor data processing and algorithms, to construct a dementia precision care model. 

Method: This study includes system development and testing to predict health care issues of people with dementia, providing personalized care recommendations and real-time alerts. Upon system completion, further evaluation of user experience will be conducted. The primary site for this study is the specialized dementia care area within a residential institution. The research process is divided into three stages: Prospective cohort study to explore the relationship between smart mattress sleep data and dementia care indicators; Machine learning model construction for smart mattress dementia care precision alerts, predictions, recommendations, and management; System development and validation, including smart mattress dementia precision care system development and field validation. The association between sleep data and health indicators will be analyzed using linear regression for continuous variables and logistic regression for dichotomous variables. 

Results: The non-invasive smart mattress used in this study utilizes activity sensing and machine learning to establish a sleep state detection model. Compared to polysomnography, this model demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.942. The study is currently in the first stage of participant recruitment, with a 6-month data-collection phase to follow. Subsequently, the data will be analyzed to establish the relationship between smart mattress sleep data and dementia care indicators, based on which a machine learning model will be developed. 

Discussion: This model will construct smart mattress dementia care precision alerts, predictions, recommendations, and management systems. The research findings are expected to contribute to dementia precision care and provide references for future smart technology products designed for precise dementia care.

Biography

She has been an Associate Professor at the Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Nursing, SRIHER (DU) for the past 15 years. Her passion for teaching nursing students led her to become a clinical instructor and tutor at St. Joseph’s School and College of Nursing in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, until 2007. She completed her master's in Psychiatric Nursing at Sri Ramachandra University in 2009 and earned her Doctorate in Nursing at SRIHER (DU) in 2023. Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai awarded her the NURFA FEST 2001 GOLD MEDAL for achieving the highest mark in Community Health Nursing theory. She has served on various university committees, including the Safety Committee, Anti-Ragging Committee, University Website Development Committee, Green Club, and the Ph.D. Research Proposal Scrutiny Subcommittee. At the college level, she is a member of the Faculty Quality Cell and is responsible for Criteria 5 (NAAC). She has five indexed publications and has presented research papers at numerous national and international conferences across India. She has also been a resource person for various seminars, workshops, and continuing nursing education programs. Additionally, she has guided both undergraduate and postgraduate students in completing their research projects and dissertations. Currently, she serves as the Nodal Officer for the Prime Minister’s Special Scholarship Scheme (PMSSS) for Jammu and Kashmir students.

Abstract

Background: In India, caregivers often serve as the primary support system for individuals with schizophrenia. Given the profound impact of schizophrenia on a person's ability to function independently, caregivers provide essential assistance with daily activities, medication management, and emotional support. Caregivers may also experience stress, inadequate coping, and poor quality of life. Hence, providing adequate knowledge to caregivers through a brief empowerment program has beneficial effects on both patients and caregivers. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led caregiver empowerment programs on stress, coping, and quality of life among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. 

Methodology: A quantitative research study with an evaluative approach was conducted. The research design was a randomized controlled trial carried out in the psychiatric ward and OPD at SRH. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 150 participants, divided into a study group (75) and a control group (75). Pretests and posttests I, II, and III were conducted on the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, respectively. Data from caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983), the Coping Checklist (Rao, 1989), and the WHOQOL-BREF (1996). The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: In the present study majority of the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, 24(32%) in the study group and 30(40%) in the control group were in the age group of 31-40 years. Similarly, females constituted most in both groups, 61 (81.2%) in the study and 46(61.3%) in the control groups(Fig1). The results highlighted that there was a statistically significant difference found in the mean stress scores at p<0.05 of the study group between posttests (II, III)(Table 1), coping scores at posttest II (p=0.03) and posttest III (p<0.003) between the study and the control groups. There was a statistically significant difference noted in the mean scores of quality of life in all domains at p<0.05 between the pretests and the posttests among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in the study group. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of Quality of life (Psychological-Domain-2) between the pretest and the posttest I among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in the control group (p=0.001), in quality of life (Social relationship-Domain-3) between the pretest and the posttest I (p=0.001), the pretest and the posttest II (p=0.02) and in quality of life (Environment-Domain-4) between the pretest and the posttest 1 (p=0.01), pre-test and post-test 2 (p=0.001) in the control group. There was a significant association between the level of stress and education among caregivers in the control group. There was a significant association between coping scores and selected background variables like education, occupation, and relationship with patients among caregivers in the study group. There was a significant association between coping scores and selected background variables like age in years, education, occupation medical expenses among caregivers in the study group. There was a significant association between quality of life scores and social support among caregivers in the study group.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the nurse-led caregiver empowerment program significantly reduced stress, fostered appropriate coping strategies, and improved the quality of life for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Biography

She has been serving as an Assistant Professor at the Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Nursing, SRIHER (DU) for the past 16 years. Her passion for teaching nursing students led her to become a clinical instructor and tutor at St. Joseph’s School and College of Nursing in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, until 2007. She completed her master's in Psychiatric Nursing at SRM University in 2008 and pursuing her Doctorate in Nursing at SRIHER (DU). She was awarded and has served on various university committees, including the simulation committee, Admission committee, and Learning managing system- Moodle Coordinator. At the college level, she is a member of the College Quality Cell, Nursing Education Unit, and Student Nurses Association - Advisor. She has many indexed publications and has presented research papers at numerous national and international conferences across India. She has also been a resource person for various seminars, workshops, and continuing nursing education programs. Additionally, she has guided both undergraduate and postgraduate students in completing their research projects and dissertations.

Abstract

Background: In India, the elderly population is increasing, and depression and anxiety are common mental health problems amongst the elderly, which need to be taken care of by primary caregivers. Anxiety and depression are commonly comorbid in older adults and are associated with worse physical and mental health outcomes and poorer responses to psychological and pharmacological treatments. However, little research has examined the effectiveness of psychological programs to treat comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Hence, the researcher felt the need to provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce depression and anxiety among the elderly since it has previous positive responses in treating depression and anxiety, which overall helps in managing depression and keeping themselves occupied and directly boosts their self-esteem. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression and anxiety among the elderly residing at old age homes. Methodology: An experimental research design was conducted among 102 elderly with depression and anxiety at old age homes in Chennai. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was adapted to select samples. The study group consisted of 51 samples who received Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, while control group consisted of 51 samples who received routine care. Data were collected using a tool that consisted of background variables, Geriatric depression scale (GDS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). Interview method was used to collect the data. The posttest was conducted at 14th day. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: There was a decrease in the posttest mean score in study group compared to control group, and a statistically significant difference (p0.05) in pretest and during the post-test significance found in marital status, no. of children and reason stay at old age home (p<0.05)

Conclusion: The present study proves that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an effective, noninvasive and safe practice among the elderly to reduce depression and anxiety.

Biography

Abstract

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an environment-related cancer by its spatial distribution characteristics. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated crucial correlations between ESCC and multiple environmental heavy metal exposures, while the roles of the synergistic effect of heavy metals in ESCC remains unclear.

Methods: Based on a case-control study of 131 pairs of ESCC patients and healthy controls, several serum and urine metals were detected by ICP-MS. LASSO and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to explore the combined effect of metals on the incidence of ESCC. An in vitro model for co-exposure of elevated cadmium and zinc deficiency (Cd+ /Zn- ) was established to clarify molecular mechanisms in esophageal cancer malignant progression. Results Multiple metals were changed in serum and urine ESCC patients, among which abnormal internal co-exposure of Cd+ /Zn- was identified by LASSO and BKMR. Cd+ /Zn drove migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry of ESCC cells. We found mtDNA was released into the cytoplasm through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and further enhanced stemness. The mechanism underlying these changes may involve Cd+ /Zn inhibited MTF1-TFAM axis, which confers disorganized activation of cGAS-STING pathways and Sox2-manipulated cancer stemness.

Conclusions: Our study identified a novel pattern of metal co-exposure in ESCC malignant progression, which may contribute to further demonstrating the potential roles of trace metals-based early identification and therapies 

Biography

Abstract

Esophageal cancer (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is associated with Fusobacterium periodonticum (F.periodonticum, Fp) infection and mast cells (MCs) infiltration. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Fp and BCT virulence protein on MCs activation and polarization in the ESCC progression . The functions of Fp and BCT in activating MCs were investigated by the release of ?-hexosaminidase and toluidine blue stain. Co-culture cell model of MCs treated by Fp and BCT with ESCC cells (EC109) used to analysis the role of MCs in ESCC development. UPLC-MS/MS used to detect the metabolism feature of mast cell MC2 polarization. The mechanisms of MC2 polarization induced by Fp and BCT were performed RNA-seq. The related molecular mechanism on MC2 polarization were investigated in vitro. We found that Fp and BCT increased the release of ?-hexosaminidase and the stroma around the cells showed metachromia. MCs treated by Fp and BCT enhanced the invasion and migration of EC109 and had been defined as MC2. Non-targeted metabolomics and lipidomics results revealed that Fp and BCT increased the arachidonic acid metabolism (AA) and induced the secretion of PGE2. The RNA-seq results showed that MAPK/ERK pathway was been activated which related to the production of AA. The MAPK/ERK regulated by MRGPRX2/PLC?/PKC pathway were also increased by FP and BCT. CO-IP result indicated that BCT could combined with MRGPRX2 which specifically expressed in MCs. Meanwhile, Fp and BCT induced the endoplasmic reticulum stress which regulated by MRGPRX2/PLC ? /PKC pathway and the expression of related genes were upregulated such as GRP78, CHOP, ATF4 and IRE1a compared with Si-MRGPRX2. The increased phosphorylation level of IRE1a promotes the movement of Xbp1 into the nucleus, thus promoting the binding of xbp1s to PTGS2 and increasing the formation of PGE2 but reversed by Si-MRGPRX2. Our fingdings demonstrated that Fp/BCT promote the activation and polarization of MC2 which promote the invasion and migration of EC109. And the polarization mechanism was related to metabolic reprogramming regulated by MRGPRX2. Hence, we thought that development of new therapies that target MRGPRX2 may provide an effective therapy strategy for Fp-associated ESCC

Biography

He is a PhD candidate studying at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, currently, his main research project involves 1) Child obesity prevention and control 2) health economics, and 3) Global health governance for infectious diseases.

Abstract

Background: Large body size increases the risk of hypertension and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the independent and combined influences of body size change from childhood to adulthood on the risk of hypertension and severe NAFLD. 

Methods: The Data from the UK Biobank on 53,619 individuals free of hypertension and 67,406 individuals free of liver diseases were divided into nine categories based on their self-reported body size at age 10 and measured BMI in adulthood. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to assess the association between body size change and the incidence of hypertension and severe NAFLD.

Results: A median follow-up of approximately 13 years revealed that 5,000 and 509 individuals had developed hypertension and NAFLD, respectively. Individuals with low body size in childhood and high body size in adulthood exhibited the highest risk of hypertension (HR 1.90; P <0.01) and severe NAFLD (HR 3.40; P <0.01) compared to those with average body size in both childhood and adulthood. Individuals with a high body size in adulthood exhibited a higher risk of hypertension (HRs 1.78-1.90; all P <0.01) and severe NAFLD (HRs 2.58-3.40; all P <0.01). Individuals with a low adulthood body size exhibited a reduced risk of hypertension (HRs 0.62-0.77; all P <0.01) and severe NAFLD (HRs 0.11-0.58; all P <0.05).

Conclusions: Body size change trend is associated with the risk of developing hypertension and severe NAFLD, particularly when an individual's adulthood body size is either low or high.

Biography

Abstract

Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the top five malignant tumors in China. As a heterogeneous and highly aggressive malignant tumor, the etiology and precise treatment of GC remain to be explored. Since alterations in intracellular and extracellular metabolites have profound effects on gene expression, metabolism and tumor formation in humans. Therefore, in this study we used metabolomics and transcriptomic techniques to explore the metabolites and genes that were differentially expressed in GC versus healthy people, and explored the potential mechanisms by which the differential metabolite plays a role in GC, providing data to support the diagnosis and etiological exploration of GC.

Subjects and Methods: First, plasma from GC patients(152) and healthy controls (170) were analyzed using metabolomics techniques, and the effects of metabolite on GC cell activity, invasive migration, and glycolysis levels were further explored at the cellular level. Then, 6 Pairs of GC and paracancerous tissues were used for transcriptome sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the specific mechanisms by which metabolite acts on GC cells were explored in conjunction with palmitoylation sequencing. 

Results: The results showed that palmitic acid showed a decreasing trend in the plasma of GC patients. Transcriptome results show that the glycolytic pathway is differentially expressed in GC and paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, cellular experiments showed that the addition of palmitic acid (100 um/l) increased the activity, proliferation and migration capacity, as well as the level of glycolysis in cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that palmitic acid may promote the development of GC by increasing palmitoylation levels and inducing an increase in glycolysis levels. 

Conclusion: These results suggest that palmitic acid has the potential as a diagnostic biomarker for GC. Moreover, palmitic acid plays a role in promoting GC progression by facilitating palmitoylation-mediated glycolysis

Biography

Abstract

Objective: As a new type of pollutant, nanoplastics, which are derived from the degradation of plastic products, can enter the body and cause potential cardiovascular damage effects. This study focused on the cardiotoxicity induced by nanoplastics and its potential mechanisms. Based on traditional and novel toxicological platforms, we used mice and human cardiac organoid models to systematically investigate the damage to cardiac structure and function caused by different concentrations and durations of nanoplastic exposure, and used transcriptome sequencing to reveal the potential mechanisms of damage induced by different durations of nanoplastic exposure. 

Methods: This study firstly used the traditional toxicological platform, taking C57BL/6 mice as the research subjects, and simulated nanoplastic exposure scenarios with a respiratory exposure tower. We set up control group and low dose (LD), medium dose (MD), and high dose (HD) nanoplastics exposure groups, then carried out acute (1 week), subacute (4 weeks), and subchronic exposure (12 weeks). The study comprehensively elucidated the cardiotoxic effects induced by nanoplastics through multi dimensions, such as vivo imaging, echocardiography, tissue pathological section staining, transmission electron microscope detection (TEM) and biochemical detection. In addition, this study constructed human cardiac organoids?hCOs?and verified its reliability as a novel toxicological platform. Based on hCOs, the study explored the accumulation of nanoplastics and its damage to cardiac function and structure. Finally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the cardiac tissues of mice after acute, subacute and subchronil exposure to reveal the potential mechanisms induced by different durations of nano plastic exposure. 

Results: Subacute exposure to nano plastics can induce their accumulation in the hearts of mice, and the fluorescence signal intensity of nano plastics in the heart increases with the extension of exposure time. Acute and subacute exposure did not induce changes in mouse weight, heart weight, or heart/body weight index. However, sub chronic exposure led to a significant reduction in mouse weight and heart weight. Echocardiography results suggested that after acute exposure, the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) of the mouse heart did not change. However, subacute and sub chronic exposure induced significant reduction in EF and FS values and increased left ventricular diastolic internal diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular systolic internal diameter (LVDs) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HE staining showed that only HD group had disordered myofilament arrangement and myocardial fragmentation after subacute nanoplastic exposure, While all exposure groups after subchronic exposure showed significant cardiac structural damage, and the area of myocardial injury expanded with the increase of exposure dose. TEM detection showed that subacute and subchronic exposure induced subcellular structural damage in the myocardium. In addition, subchronic exposure significantly increased the level of cardiac fibrosis. Biochemical marker detection showed that acute exposure to nanoplastics could induce an increase in myocardial injury markers, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels, and sustained high expression in subacute and subchronic groups. Furtherly, we constructed hCOs and verified its reliability as a novel toxicological platform in terms of genomics, specific protein expression, and cardiac contractile function using transcriptome sequencing, immunofluorescence and drug response test. Based on hCOs experiments, nanoplastics could be absorbed and accumulated for more than 14 days and induced morphological changes and cell death. Further research showed that nanoplastics dose-dependently weakened te beating amplitude and frequency of hCOs. Calcium transient experiments also revealed that nanoplastics could significantly damage the cardiac contractile coupling function. In addition, nanoplastic exposure significantly decreased ATP levels, activated inflammatory levels and increased the expression of cardiac injury markers. Finally, this study performed transcriptome sequencing on cardiac tissues of mice after acute, subacute and subchronical exposure to reveal the potential mechanisms respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that acute exposure significantly induced inflammatory responses, and as exposure time extended, subacute and subchronic exposure induced mitochondrial damage and disturbed mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing cardiac energy metabolism disorder. 

Conclusion: This study systematically assessed the cardiotoxic effects induced by nanoplastic exposure and revealed potential mechanisms based on mice and hCOs. The results indicated that nanoplastic exposure induces cardiac structural and functional damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism disturbance in myocardial cells may be an important mechanism for cardiac damage induced by nanoplastic exposure.

Biography

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between time to pregnancy (TTP) and postpartum breastfeeding.

Methods: We used a prospective cohort study design to recruit pregnant women who came to the hospital for antenatal checkups before 20 weeks' gestation between April 2019 and March 2020 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gulou District, Nanjing, China. A telephone follow-up was conducted 42 days postpartum to collect information about breastfeeding practices.

Results: A total of 535 pregnant women were initially included in the study cohort and 478(89.35%) completed the follow-up, among 79 (16.5%) in the prolonged TTP group, and the rest in the short TTP group (n=399, 83.5%). According to the follow-up, 271 (56.7%) were in the exclusive breastfeeding group and the rest in the non-exclusive breastfeeding group (n=207, 43.3%). A significant decrease in exclusive breastfeeding rate was observed in the prolonged TTP group compared to the short TTP group (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.74). After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, husband's age, BMI, and regularity of menstruation, the negative association between TTP and exclusive breastfeeding remained (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84). In stratified analyses, the results were generally consistent.

Conclusion: The probability of postpartum breastfeeding is lower in women with lower fecundability.

Biography

Abstract

Aims: The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes remained to be fully understood. However, exosomes have shown its potential to further advance diabetes research as a rich source of biomarkers. This study aims to explore the proteomic profiles of circulating plasma exosomes in individuals with varying glucose statuses and offer a potentially new perspective on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants with different glucose status were recruited according to the criteria of the American diabetes association. After plasma exosomes were collected, data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to examine plasma exosome proteome. Differential proteins identified through pairwise group comparisons underwent further analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to reveal their functions and interactions.

Results: A total of 75 participants (25 euglycemic; 25 prediabetes; 25 diabetes) were included in this study. 356 mutual proteins were identified in participants with different glucose levels. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the proteomic patterns of exosomes in the prediabetic and diabetic groups exhibited certain similarities, contrasting with those in individuals with normal glucose levels. From the pairwise differential protein comparison, 32 proteins were selected for PPI and functional analysis, of which 7 were deemed significant within the network. GO annotations highlighted a close link between immunity and type 2 diabetes. Local STRING clustering, Reactome, and KEGG pathway analysis all indicated great significance of complement and coagulation cascades.

Conclusions: Distinct plasma exosome protein patterns are present in individuals based on their glucose status. Complement and coagulation cascades might be the most important pathway that plasma exosomes were involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Biography

Abstract

Objective: Late renal graft loss is the main barrier of transplantation efficiency. Chronic rejection, with which immune response has close relationship, is the main cause of late graft loss. The study was aimed to identify immune-related genes that correlated with chronic graft rejection and to develop a prognostic model. 

Results: The gene expression profiles and clinical data of kidney transplant patients were extracted from the GEO databases. Immune related genes (DE-IRGs) were acquired based on intersection between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ImmPort database. Six and twelve DE-IRGs were found in chronic ABMR and TCMR cohort respectively. Their expression level were validated in the cohorts. DE-IRGs in chronic ABMR cohort were mainly involved in chemokine and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, while DE-IRGs in chronic TCMR cohort were mainly associated with T cell differentiation and activation. Subsequently, gene signature (rejection score) was constructed to distinguish specific chronic rejection type and non-rejection group and showed reliable ability. Then another type of model (risk score) was established according to GSE21374 dataset using lasso cox regression. The model using combination of DE-IRGs from chronic ABMR has better predictive value than models using chronic ABMR or TCMR DE-IRGs alone. AUC values of 1- and 3-year graft survival were 0.868. 

Conclusion: Immune-related genes in kidney graft chronic rejection were identified to establish models for distinguishing chronic rejection and predicting late graft loss.

Biography

Abstract

Objectives: In the context of the interplay between COVID-19 infection and vaccine-induced immunity, it is crucial to understand the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of community-based population-specific antibodies. 

Methods: From January to June 2023, three rounds of sero-epidemiological surveys were conducted among community populations in various districts of Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. The same Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) was used for consecutive detection of specific-IgG antibody levels. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) were employed to identify factors influencing antibody levels and to dynamically predict antibody levels during the follow-up period. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to plot cumulative seroreversion rates for populations with different characteristics during the follow-up period

Results: We collected demographic information and serum IgG antibody data from 2,737 participants. The median age was 43 years (IQR: 25-63 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:3. The log-transformed IgG means and standard deviations across the three follow-up rounds were 3.37±1.82 S/CO, 3.96±1.45 S/CO, and 3.68±1.37 S/CO, respectively, with statistically significant differences. GLMM analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with antibody levels, while vaccination status and previous infection history were positively correlated (P P<0.001). GAMM fitting indicated antibody levels peaked 44 days after the start of the follow-up (log-IgG: 4.57) and reached the lowest point at 93 days (log-IgG: 3.51) 

Conclusions: Mathematical modeling depicted the six-month dynamic changes and influencing factors of antibodies in community-based populations. This study provides scientific evidence for the timely optimization and updating of COVID-19 vaccination strategies.

Biography

Abstract

Background: Plastic pollution has been ranked as the second important scientific issue in environmental and ecological sciences. Among other things, nanoplastics can penetrate biological barriers and enter the human body, posing a health hazard. The main exposure mode is through ingestion of contaminated food and water, with the gastrointestinal tract being the main target organ. A causal relationship between microplastic contamination and inflammatory bowel disease has been reported. 

Methods: This study explores the enterotoxicity and barrier damaging of nanoplastics by applying 40 nm polystyrene microspheres (PS-NPs) on intestinal organoids (IOs), mice, and cellular models.

Results: Under an optical microscope, the growth of IOs was observed and recorded over 7 days. HE and immunofluorescence staining with intestinal-specific markers (Villin, Muc2, Lysozyme, Chromogranin A) showed that the IOs have a cellular composition and physiological structure consistent with in vivo intestines and possess key functions. After exposure to PS-NPs, the IOs showed a significant decrease in vitality, increased ROS, apoptosis, and intestinal barrier permeability. Additionally, the expression of villin, mucin, tight junctions (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin), and Caspase-9 all changed. Subacute toxicity experiments showed that PS-NPs caused significant damage to the intestinal villi and crypts, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a decrease in goblet cells. Serum ELISA showed increased levels of LDH, ROS, IL-6, IL-1?, TNF-?, LPS, diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactate. TUNEL staining showed an increased level of apoptosis in the intestines of mice. Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in the expression of villin, tight junctions (ZO-1, Occludin), and E-cadherin, and an increase in mucin. AB-PAS staining showed that PS-NPs can alter the distribution of mucus in the intestines. At the cellular level, after treatment with PS-NPs, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6, MODE-K) showed decreased cell viability, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and altered expression of Villin, Muc2, ZO-1, Occludin, and E-cadherin. However, treatment with the NAC led to some recovery of intestinal barrier damage. 

Conclusions: Nano plastics can significantly damage the intestinal barrier and may induce or exacerbate the occurrence and development of various intestinal diseases

Biography

She is a PhD candidate studying at Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, currently her main research project involves:1) health promotion for the elderly 2) health service utilization and 3) long-term care insurance.

Abstract

Background: The health literacy among older adults deserves further investigation.. This study aimed to conduct a multistage research of the current status, influencing factors, promotion intervention, and the intervention effects of health literacy among Chinese older adults through cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial studies.

Methods: 608 elderly residents were surveyed in the first phase study. The second phase was a 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. 120 older adults were randomly assigned to either a three-month intervention or control group (both 60 participants). The active learning program intervention includes health lectures, active discussions, heuristic questioning, family homework, while control group only received health literacy pamphlets. The outcome measure is health literacy indicators evaluated from five dimensions.

Results: The mean health literacy score was 4.313 in the cross-sectional study. The quantile regression showed that gender, education, children number, self-reported health, chronic disease and insurance had significant effects on health literacy. The intervention group showed significant improvement in all dimensions(P<0.05), with significant group*time interaction. The multiple linear regression indicate that marriage factor related to health knowledge, education factor related to health behaviors and total health literacy, chronic diseases and insurance factors related to health skills, gender and insurance factors related to health intentions have significant effects.

Conclusion: The health literacy of older adults is influenced by individuals, families, and society. The active learning program is effective in enhancing comprehensive health literacy. It is an effective measure to respond to China's proactive health strategy by mobilizing the roles of the individual, family, and society.

Biography

His name is Jialiu He, 27 years old from Nanjing, China. He is very glad to participate in this meeting. He is a PhD student of public health in Southeast University, and his major orientation is chronic non-communicable disease epidemiology. With a strong ability of statistical analysis and fieldwork of epidemiology, he had got some success in cancer screening and prevention of T2DM complications.

Abstract

Background: Abnormal kidney function is an important characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the association with mortality in T2DM is rarely known. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum kidney function indexes and mortality among T2DM patients.

Methods: In this cohort study, we included 19919 T2DM patients in Jiangsu, China. Serum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urea and uric acid were measured at baseline, and Cox regression was used to evaluate hazard ratios of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Restricted cubic splines were applied to analyze dose-response relationships. We subsequently explored the best cut-off value for each index with mortality.

Results: During a median follow-up period of 9.77 years, 4428 deaths occurred, including 1542 CVD deaths and 1074 due to cancer. eGFR was negatively associated with all-cause mortality, and compared to lowest quintiles, urea and uric acid showed “U-shape” tendency. The association between eGFR and CVD mortality remained significant, but the highest quintile of urea was negatively associated with cancer mortality. Finally, the best cut-off values with all-cause mortality were 88.50 ml/min/1.73m2, 6.95 mmol/L and 342.50 ?mol/L for eGFR, urea and uric acid, respectively.  

Conclusions: This study found that eGFR, urea and uric acid were associated with mortality due to T2DM. Interventional studies are needed to elucidate the effect of changes in kidney function on the health of T2DM patients.

Biography

Biography

Biography

She is currently working as an Associate Professor at Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Nursing, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute (Deemed to be University) with 22 years of experience in the academic field, specializing in Paediatric Nursing. She implemented innovative teaching strategies that cater to varied learning styles, integrating technology and real-world applications to enhance student understanding and retention. She actively mentor students, guiding them through academic challenges and career planning. She had received Best Paper award, the Best Teaching Excellence Award as a team in nursing education and also the Best Research Award for publishing an article with high Impact Factor journal. She strongly advocate for professional development and continuous learning, regularly attending workshops and conferences, and pursuing certifications in Nursing education, service and research. These opportunities have enabled her to stay abreast of the latest educational trends and incorporate best practices into my teaching.

Abstract

Background: Raising a child with a disability is an unexpected experience for parents. Caring for a child with a disability, depending on the type of disability, can result in physical health problems, mental health problems on mothers.

Scope : The scope of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Autogenic training on bio physiological status psychological distress and quality of life among mothers of children with Intellectual developmental disability in selected special schools at Chennai. 

Objectives : determine the effectiveness of Autogenic training on bio physiological status psychological distress and quality of life among mothers of children with Intellectual developmental disability and to associate the psychological distress and quality of life with selected background variables. 

Methods: The research design adopted for this study was quantitative True experimental research design. The sample size was 250 with 125 in study group and control group settings were two special schools at Chennai The instruments had 4 parts Part 1 Background Variables Part II Bio physiological variables Part 3 Das Scale Part 4 WHO BREF Quality of life scale. 

Results/ outcome: The results highlighted Autogenic training to be an effective method in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure psychological distress score and improving quality of life among mothers of children with Intellectual developmental disability. 

Conclusions: The present study concludes that the Autogenic training were effective in Positive changes in bio physiological status (Blood pressure) reducing depression reducing anxiety and stress and improved QoL among mothers with intellectually disabled children.

Biography

Abstract

Background and objectives: Literature search does not find much study on nonweight-bearing exercise in ulcer leg. Active or passive exercise keeps the joint mobile and enhances blood flow. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of non-weight-bearing exercise on diabetic foot ulcer healing, risk assessment and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). 

Materials and methods: Quantitative research with an evaluative approach was used. 242 patients with diabetic foot ulcer 121 in each group were recruited who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A simple random technique was used for the distribution of the participants. Information on background variables, ulcer healing, blood flow, risk assessment on unaffected foot and health-related quality of life was obtained as baseline data. The study group participants were taught about non-weight bearing exercises practiced on both legs for 4 weeks and an information pamphlet on foot care practices were distributed along with the routine care. Patients were followed for 2 months and assessment was done at the end of each month. The intra-group and inter-group comparisons were carried out using and t-tests and RMANOVA respectively, at 5% significance level. 

Results: The results show a highly statistically significant difference in the diabetic foot ulcer healing score, blood flow, risk assessment and health related quality of life in the study in contrast to the control group. Correlation exists between ulcer healing and blood flow. As the blood flow increased the wound size decreased. 

Conclusion: The inclusion of non-weight-bearing exercise as part of diabetic foot ulcer management strategies holds promise for improving healing outcomes and reducing the burden of DFU-related complications.

Biography

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the combined effect of alcohol drinking and red cell distribution width (RDW) on stroke risk in rural areas of China. 

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 6526 participants were divided into four groups according to alcohol drinking status and RDW. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression models, ROC curves, and subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the association between alcohol drinking status, RDW and stroke.

Results: During 28,453 person-years of follow-up, 115 participants had a first-ever stroke. Compared with non-drinkers whose RDW ? 15%, drinkers whose RDW > 15% had a significantly higher risk of stroke (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.21-4.54), this trend persisted in men (HR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.18-4.76), those who were under 65 (HR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.46-7.52), those with hypertension (HR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.65-7.05), and those without diabetes mellitus (HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.28-4.93). The area under the ROC curve was increased by 0.012 (P = 0.044) in the predictive model including alcohol drinking status and RDW.

Conclusions: Alcohol drinking was an independent risk factor for stroke. Drinkers with RDW > 15% had a significant higher risk of stroke compared with nondrinkers with RDW ? 15%. These findings suggested that alcohol drinking and RDW may be valuable predictor of stroke.

Biography

Abstract

Non-alcoholic/Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (NASH/MASH) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Despite its importance, NASH is underrecognized in clinical practice. However, the limitations of animal models in the study of hepatopathy raise the need for alternative testing strategies including in vitro and in silico models. In this study, we used three machine learning algorithms (LASSO regression, support vector machine, and random forest) to identify protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) as a hub gene from the gene expression profiles between NASH and healthy liver tissue biopsy in the GEO datasets (AUCtrain/test set=0.934/0.883). Meanwhile, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate liver organoids (LOs) that were a kind of 3D hollow multicell spheres containing liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, as well as having bile acid transport structure and stable hepatic functions such as synthesis of albumin, urea, and metabolic enzyms. On this basis, we determined that the expression level of PPP1R3G decreased significantly in the iPSC-LO-NASH model, matching our GEO dataset’s results. On this basis, we found that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), a polymer compound extracted from the Chinese medicine Angelica Sinensis, was a natural PPP1R3G activator. Also, ASP alleviated lipid accumulation, reduced total cholesterol/triglyceride (TC/TG) synthesis and Alanine transaminase/Aspartate aminotransferase/Alkaline phosphatase secretion (ALT/AST/ALP), and ameliorated abnormalities of high/low-density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL) in iPSC-LO-NASH model. Overall, we identified PPP1R3G as a promising biomarker and the corresponding activator ASP as a protective agent, providing the scientific basis for the development of such natural products for NASH intervention

Biography

Abstract

The emerging contaminant nanoplastics (NPs) have received considerable attention. Due to their tiny size and unique colloidal properties, NPs could more easily enter the body and cross biological barriers with inhalation exposure. While NPs-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported, the hepatic impact of inhaled NPs was still unknown. To close this gap, a 40 nm polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) inhalation exposure mice model was developed to explore the hepatotoxicity during acute (1 week), subacute (4 weeks), and subchronic period (12 weeks), with four exposure doses (0, 16, 40, and 100 ?g/day). Results showed that inhaled PS-NPs caused a remarkable increase of ALT, AST, and ALP with a decrease of CHE, indicating liver dysfunction. Various histological abnormalities and significantly higher levels of inflammation in a dose- and time-dependent manner were observed. Moreover, after 4 weeks and 12 weeks of exposure, Masson staining and upregulated expression of TGF-?, ?-SMA, and Col1a1 identified that inhaled PS-NPs exposure triggered the progression of liver fibrosis with the exposure time prolonged. From the mechanistic perspective, transcriptome analysis revealed that ferroptosis was involved in PS-NPs-induced liver hepatotoxicity, and key features of ferroptosis were detected, including persistent oxidative stress, iron overload, increased LPO, mitochondria damage, and the expression changes of GPX4, TFRC, and Ferritin. And in vitro and in vivo recovery tests showed that ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 treatment alleviated liver injury and fibrosis. The above results confirmed the critical role of ferroptosis in PS-NPs-induced hepatotoxicity. To better conclude our findings and understand the mechanistic causality within it, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was established.

Biography

He was born in Lincang City, Yunnan Province, is a doctoral student at Southeast University, engaged in the temporal epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases, and has a deep research foundation in mumps spatiotemporal and viral molecular evolution analysis, and has published relevant articles.

Abstract

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated public health and social measures (PHSMs) have significantly altered the transmission dynamics of notifiable infectious diseases in China, including mumps. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jiangsu Province in 2023, with a particular focus on breakthrough cases among vaccinated individuals in high-incidence groups. 

Methods: A retrospective analysis of reported cases from the disease surveillance system was conducted, and vaccination information was obtained from the Jiangsu Province Comprehensive Vaccination Service Management Information System. Descriptive statistics and the Joinpoint regression model were used for analysis. 

Results: A total of 4142 mumps cases were reported in Jiangsu Province in 2023, with a significant increase in case numbers in the second quarter. Children aged 5-10 years were the main high-incidence group. Among all 3692 cases under 15 years old, 96.02% (3545/3692) were breakthrough infections, and 19.66% (697/3545) of these cases had received at least two doses of mumps-containing vaccines (MuCV). 

Conclusion: Based on our previous research analysis, this study findings suggest that mumps continues to circulate in Jiangsu Province and is susceptible to changes by PHSMs. The occurrence of breakthrough cases indicates a potential need for improved vaccination strategies and a strengthened booster program of MuCV 

Biography

He was born in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, is a doctoral student at Southeast University, engaged in the molecular epidemiology of AIDS, and has a deep research foundation in HIV low-level viremia, drug resistance (including low-frequency resistance), molecular transmission network, and evolutionary analysis and has published relevant articles.

Abstract

Objectives: Summarizing the occurrence of low-frequency variants in the integrase (IN) gene and the resulting resistance patterns for INSTIs.

Methods: The databases Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus served as the meta-analysis's data sources up to 1 November 2023. Two authors independently conducted the literature screen, data extraction, and quality assessment based on the registered protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023495535). 

Results: A total of 27 studies (29 data points) were included. The PDRMs and PDR in pre-treatment patients were 6.77% and 3.97%, respectively, and the ADRMs and ADR in ART-experienced patients were 9.75% and 6.43%, respectively. The specific low-frequency IN variants profiles of 171 PLWH were extracted; the results showed that the prevalence of low-frequency INSTIs resistance in pre-treatment and ART-experienced patients were 65.94% (91/138) and 81.82% (27/33), respectively. The resistance patterns in both groups are similar, with the first-generation INSTIs higher than second-generation (pre-treatment: 65.94% vs. 28.26%; ART-experienced: 81.82% vs. 39.39%), and Elvitegravir has the highest resistance rates, followed by Raltegravir, Cabotegravir, Bictegravir, and Dolutegravir in each group.

Conclusion: The deep sequencing results reveal that resistance patterns in both groups of patients with low-frequency IN variants are similar, with the prevalence of first-generation INSTI resistance being higher than that of second-generation INSTIs and ADR higher than PDR, emphasizing that continued use and optimization of drug resistance monitoring methods are still essential to ensure the long-term effectiveness of ART under the background of widespread use and promotion of INSTIs.

Biography

She is a PhD candidate in Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China. Her research focuses on health behavior change and infectious disease modelling, with a particular emphasis on vaccination promotion. 

Abstract

Background: Parental acceptance of HPV vaccination remains low. This study investigates the influence of different message framing on Chinese parental intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV.

Methods: A 2 (appeal framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (cultural value: individualism vs. collectivism) × 2 (evidence type: narrative vs. non-narrative) factorial design was used in an online experiment. Parents of unvaccinated junior high school girls were recruited and included in the experiment. The primary outcome assessed was the reduction in HPV vaccine hesitancy (VH). The analysis of variance tests (ANOVAs) and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Results: Of 4012 participants, the majority were women with low VH. Only loss-framing exerted a direct effect on advocacy (p = .036). Initial VH negatively moderated this effect (p = .027). Except for narrative evidence (p = .068), message framings showed significant small effects in low-hesitant participants (p = .032). An incentive policy negatively moderated the initial VH’s effect on advocacy (p = .042). Persuasion was evident only among low-hesitant participants not receiving incentives (p = .002). In contrast, for highly hesitant individuals without incentive policies, loss-framing (p = .024) and collectivism perspective (p = .033) produced counterintuitive effects. 

Conclusions: Message framing is effective among low-hesitant parents of female adolescents in improving HPV vaccination decisions without economic incentives. Non-narrative evidence and loss-framing messages should be prioritized over narrative evidence and gain-framing messages. Nonetheless, caution is warranted when engaging with highly hesitant parents.

Biography

He is a Ph.D. candidate, School of Public Health, Southeast University; research interests: health statistics, health economics evaluation of prevention and control strategies.

Abstract

Background: The prevention and control of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which results in significant health loss and disease burden are critical global concerns. 

Objective: From the perspective of population mobility, the investigation of the spatial spillover effect of AIDS morbidity can provide valuable insights for disease control.

Methods: Data on AIDS and related socioeconomic determinants of 31 provincial regions in China were collected from 2013 to 2022. In this study, Baidu migration index was utilized to calculate the spatial inter-provincial population migration weight matrices. Subsequently, spatial lag models were developed to quantify spatial spillovers and the impacts of socioeconomic variables from infectious and susceptible perspectives. Finally, robustness analyses were performed.

Results: The results demonstrated the existence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation among provinces, with Hot-spots in the southwest and Cold-spots in the northeast China. From both of infectious and susceptible perspectives, the spatial coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.75, indicating the positive spatial spillovers of population mobility. Furthermore, higher population density, more accessible healthcare, and lower education levels were associated with higher incidence of AIDS. The analysis of robustness confirmed the validity and suggested that the spatial effect may be biased depending on the choices of spatial matrix and study area.

Conclusion: The AIDS epidemic situation in a given region will have a significant impact on areas with frequent population movements to and from it, hence, migrant population from high incidence areas should be the focus of surveillance.

Biography

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), due to its high mortality and disability rates, poses a serious disease burden and has attracted widespread attention from healthcare workers worldwide. The early resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in myocardial infarction affect the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction patients. However, currently, there are limited clinical treatment strategies such as angiogenesis therapy and anti-inflammatory therapy for myocardial infarction.

Methods: Curcumin and VEGF mimetic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI (QK) are effective drugs for reducing inflammation and angiogenesis, but they have not been well applied in clinical practice due to their small polarity or relatively short half-life. Here, we creatively co assemble two drugs with the peptide sequence NapFFY for the treatment of myocardial infarction by in situ injection at myocardial infarction area in rats.

Results: In vitro experiments showed that the mechanical strength of the hydrogel was significantly improved after assembly with two drugs, and the drug could be released continuously for more than two weeks. In vivo data showed that self-assembled hydrogels promoted M2 polarization and increased neovascular density in myocardial infarction models. In addition, Masson staining and echocardiographic results suggest that this Curcumin/QK hydrogel can reduce the fibrotic area of myocardial infarction site and improve the parameters of cardiac function.

Conclusions: In summary, these results indicate that, Curcumin/QK polypeptide hydrogel has dual functions in immune regulation and promoting angiogenesis at the infarct site, and ultimately contributes to the recovery of myocardial infarction.

Biography

Abstract

Background: Immunotherapy has limited efficacy in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), posing a challenge to the treatment of advanced ccRCC. This is intimately connected to the immune regulation network of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity (TME) is crucial to devising novel therapeutic strategies for advanced ccRCC. 

Methods: A multi-omics study was performed on publicly available data of ccRCC, including scRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and somatic mutation data. Multiple bioinformatics strategies and in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. 

Results: Three distinct immune subtypes of ccRCC were identified based on the TMErelated genes retrieved from combined analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq. A prognostic model was constructed based on the unique cell communication in immunosuppressive subtype and validated in TCGA and CheckMate cohorts. MDK was revealed to be to be a critical regulatory gene in the immunosuppressive subtype, increased MDK predicting poor prognosis and response to immunotherapy in ccRCC patients, prompting M2 macrophage polarization via MDK-LRP1 interaction. The suppression of MDK inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. 

Conclusions: This study revealed the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity of ccRCC and developed a promising prognostic model capable of reliably predicting the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Notably, the crucial role of MDK in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was elucidated, providing a new direction for optimized immunotherapy of ccRCC

Biography

Abstract

Objective: Crosstalk between prostate cancer (PCa) cells and the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in disease progression and metastasis, which can provide new opportunities for patient treatment. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME), and a large number of macrophages can activate the immune activity of the tumor region and kill tumor cells. To identify genes critical for macrophage-mediated killing in tumor cells, we performed a genome-wide co-culture CRISPR screen and identified multiple components of the TSSK3, PRKCD, and NF-?B pathways as hit genes, and their expression of TSSK3 in tumor cells is critical for activation and killing of tumor cells by macrophages. 

Methods: These data localized TSSK3 signaling as immunomodulators and were confirmed by androgen deprivation assays, making hormone-deprived tumor cells resistant to macrophage-mediated killing. Proteomic analysis showed that oxidative phosphorylation in PRKCD-KO and IKBKG-KO cells TSSK3 was down-regulated consistent with the control group, indicating impaired mitochondrial function, as confirmed by electron microscopy analysis. In addition, the phosphoproteomic analysis showed that all hits impair ferroptosis signaling, which has been transcriptionally validated using neoadjuvant clinical trial samples from the AR inhibitor enzalutamide. Overall, our data suggest that TSSK3 works with PRKCD and NF-?B pathways to evade macrophage-mediated killing. 

Results: Since hormonal intervention is the mainstay of therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer patients, our findings may have immediate significance and provide a plausible explanation for the persistence of tumor cells under androgen deprivation therapy observed in clinical practice.

Biography

Biography

Biography

Abstract

The emergence of carbepenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a major public health concern. Moreover, its colonization among residents in LTCFs is associated with subsequent infections and mortality. To further explore the various aspects concerning CRE in LTCFs, we conducted a literature review for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization and/or infections in long-term care facilities. The prevalence and incidence of CRE acquisition among residents in LTCFs; especially in California, central Italy, Spain, Japan and Taiwan. The predominance of CRE in LTCFs, especially in high acuity LTCFs with mechanical ventilation, was important and may demonstrate as an outbreak center. The prevalence rate of CRE in LTCFs was much higher than that in the acute care settings and the community, which indicated LTCFs being a vital reservoir for CRE. The detailed species and genomic analyses among CRE in LTCFs reported Klebsiella pneumoniae being the primarily species in the LTCFs in the United State, Spain and Taiwan. KPC 2 strain ST 258 was the most common KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the LTCFs in the United States. IMP-11 and IMP-6 were the primarily types in LTCFs in Japan. OXA-48 was the prominent carbapenemase among CRE in Spain. Multiple risk factors associated with increased risk for CRE acquisition in LTCFs were found, such as co morbidities, immunosuppressive status, dependent functional status, usage of gastrointestinal devices or indwelling catheters, mechanical ventilation, prior antibiotic exposures and previous culture reports. High CRE acquisition rate and prolonged CRE carriage duration after colonization were found among residents in LTCFs. Moreover, the patients from LTCFs who were colonized or infected with CRE had poor clinical outcomes, with mortality up to 75% in infected patients. Although current guidelines did not support active surveillance of CRE in LTCFs, the infection prevention and control measures to reduce CRE in LTCFs is important, and could possibly be controlled via contact precautions, cohort staffing, daily CHG bathing, healthcare-worker education, and hand-hygiene adherence

Biography

She currently works at the Infection Control Center of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan. She obtained her Master's degree from Chung Shan Medical University in Taiwan. Specializing in the field of infection control. Since 2011, she has been involved in nursing in medical center of Taiwan, focusing on pediatric nursing and gynecological oncology nursing. Starting in 2021, she began working in infection control and is a certified infection control nurse.

Biography

She currently works at the Infection Control Center of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan. She obtained her Bachelor of Nursing from National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences. Her specialty in pediatric, critical care, and infection control nursing. Since 2005, she has served in the pediatric internal medicine and pediatric intensive care units in medical center of Taiwan, dedicated to pediatric nursing. In 2013, she received an award for her presentation at the Evidence-Based Care Quality Improvement Competition and Symposium. In 2023, she began working in infection control and completed her infection control training.

Abstract

The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration conducted sampling and testing at a hospital in Eastern Taiwan. The test results revealed microbial growth in silicone urinary catheters from a certain manufacturer. The hospital's supply center immediately ceased distribution and initiated a recall of catheters from this batch. The Infection Control Center's examination found that the 14Fr urinary catheters were non-compliant, with the bacteria identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. Upon reviewing the hospital's records from September 2022 to May 2023, there were no cases of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila infection related to medical care. Following this incident, the hospital was instructed to monthly sample sterile urinary catheters for bacterial culture over a three-month period. Sterile catheters were also included in the regular sampling inspection protocol. It was recommended that the regular inspection mechanism for sterile medical materials should rotate through all types of sterile medical materials in the hospital each quarter. Since the implementation of these measures, there have been no further incidents of incomplete sterilization of sterile medical items. The article notes that the catheters from this manufacturer were sterilized using Ethylene Oxide (EO), and the potential cause of incomplete sterilization was identified as overcrowding of sterilized items, leading to an overload of the sterilization capacity. To prevent such incidents, it is crucial to perform sampling inspections of sterile medical items before they enter the hospital and establish a robust inspection mechanism for sterile medical materials.

Biography

A head nurse in the nursing department at Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH). An advanced practice registered nurse with over 30 years of experience in the emergency room, medical and surgical wards, and the burn intensive care unit. Additionally, published a research paper in the International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications.

Abstract

It is widely believed that burn is one of the most painful injuries. Burn pain is multifaceted and complicated including intrinsic pain caused by the burn itself, wound pain after debridement or daily wound care, and the pain related to physical and occupational therapy. Some complications following inadequate management of pain from burn injuries, such as acute stress disorders (ASD), have been discussed in many studies. Therefore, adequate management of burn pain should be one the critical parts in proper burn treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propofol opioid combinations for deep sedation and analgesia during major burn wound dressing changes for major wounds after burn injuries. Twenty patients with second to third degree burns ranging from 20 to 80% TBSA were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. However, systolic blood pressure values in sedation group showed a significant decrease after procedure (p < .05). The pain score was lower in the sedation group than in the control KP (p < .05). Besides, the time consuming of daily dressing changes for wounds was also decreased in the sedation group. The propofol-opioid combination sedation can be considered as an effective alternative for major burn wound dressing changes by burn injuries which does not result in respiratory depression or other systemic complications in our patients

Biography

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify infection prevention and control practiced by nurses, working in nurseries accepting children with medical care needs, who had experienced the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and gain an insight into the roles of nursery nurses. Semistructured interviews with nurses from eight licensed nurseries in Tokyo were conducted. A wide variety of practices were implemented for infection prevention and control, namely “health management of children with medical care needs and other nursery children,” “development of habits to prevent contracting infection that are required for group life,” “restricting the range of daily living activities of nursery children,” “review of hygienic environment and management,” “infection control efforts together with other nursery staff,” “collection of infection information and dissemination of the information to people around,” “building trust with guardians for effective collaboration,” “establishment of a system to support nurses,” and “good practices accumulated through everyday life not influenced by the epidemic status.” The results showed that nurses working at nurseries accepting children with medical care needs played the roles of comprehensively supporting group life at nurseries as professionals with medical knowledge and skills and assisting with the continuous nursery attendance of the children.

Biography

Abstract

Background: In the field of nursing in the country, there is still a lack of relevant research literature on empowerment strategies for the recovery of individuals with severe mental illness in self-care. Currently, a behavioral theory model is still being employed to promote the independence and self-care in the daily lives of individuals with severe mental illness, and there is a lack of consistency with the mental rehabilitation models that aim to promote individual recovery.

Method: The first stage involved the formulation of clinical problem guidelines using the PICO framework and conducting database literature searches. This included: P: schizophrenia/self-care; I: empowerment; O: personal recovery/personal empowerment. The databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, the Chinese Academic Database, and the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. A total of 13 English articles and 6 Chinese articles were included. In the second stage, we referred to the paradigm framework developed by Song (2009) and established a clinical care strategy for promoting self-care and recovery in patients with severe mental illness.

Result: Through the integrated analysis of empirical data, factors influencing the recovery of individuals with severe mental illness can be categorized into external environmental factors and internal factors. Internal factors include the degree of alleviation of psychotic symptoms and the potential for self-care in daily life, while external environmental factors, such as family members, peers, and healthcare personnel, need to be considered as essential components in the recovery process. The program for promoting self-care in individuals with severe mental illness includes the following components: (1) Connecting: Establishing interpersonal relationships, (2) Inspiring Hope: Recognizing strengths and internal/external resources, (3) Identifying: Setting self-care improvement goals, (4) Meaningful Living: Developing a self-care improvement plan, and (5) Empowerment: Sustaining and evaluating self-care improvements. 

Conclusion: Currently, the use of behavioral theory to positively reinforce patient self-care behaviors remains common in clinical practice. However, for patients who may have the potential for better self-care but are not demonstrating ideal self-care behaviors at the present stage, it appears that their motivation is not effectively stimulated. What is regrettable is that if clinical care providers fail to recognize this issue, then the self-care training during the rehabilitation period may become merely formal and fail to highlight its significance.

Biography

Abstract

Objective: This study explores the changes in the fundus screening mode at community clinics and examines the impact trends on the screening rate for diabetic retinopathy with the assistance of artificial intelligence in interpreting fundus photographs. 

Method: This study takes 17 community clinics in Taipei City as examples. From August 1 to December 31, 2022, spanning a total of five months, the fundus screening mode was modified. Instead of the original approach where patients were referred from community clinics to ophthalmology for fundus examination, the approach was transformed into an active mode. Instruments with artificial intelligence-assisted fundus screening capabilities were delivered to community clinics, and the number of screenings was recorded. 

Results: In 2022, for the first time, we collaborated with 17 community healthcare clinics in Taipei City. Among the 1,439 screened individuals, 580 (40.3%) had diabetes, of which 54 (0.93%) had diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, 2 individuals who reported no history of diabetes were found to have diabetic retinopathy. The overall eye screening rate for diabetic patients at community clinics was 27.55% before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. During the pandemic, the rates were 27.80% in 2020 and 29.45% in 2021. In 2022, with the change in screening model, the diabetic retinopathy screening rate increased to 39.35%, which is an 11.8 percentage point improvement compared to 2019. This rate is approaching the district (41.39%) and Taiwan (45.53%) benchmarks, showing a significant effect and a growth of 42.83%. 

Conclusion: Changing the screening mode and incorporating artificial intelligence assistance eliminates the time consuming and inconvenient process for individuals to visit ophthalmology for examination, thus increasing the diabetic retinopathy screening rate in the community.

Biography

Position: Study Coordinator, Department of Medical oncology, Taichung Veterans. General Hospital Office Address No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Xitun Dist., Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Education 2004/09 ~2008/06 B.S., Department of Nursing, National Defense Medical College, Taiwan 2009/09 ~2011/06 M.S., Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Taiwan

Abstract

This study is expected to recruit 10 donors through promotional posters who wish to participate in this project at the Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Center of Taichung Veterans General Hospital. After donor signs the informed consent form (ICF) and the eligibility is evaluated by the physician, approximately 75-300 mL of white blood cells will be collected by a physician or medical laboratory scientist during their routine Leukapheresis procedure. The collected leukopak, rich in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, will be transported to the Taiwan Bio's Cell Processing Center (CPC), and the qualified process personnel will proceed with the isolation, genetic modification, and expansion of various immune cells according to the established standard operating procedures. This study aims to develop and manufacture cell and gene therapy products. Additionally, the application of established cell banks includes but not limited to clinical trials, new drug application (NDA), Regulations Governing the Application or Use of Specific Medical Techniques or Examinations or Medical Devices, etc., that is, the cell banks will be established for research, clinical and commercial use.

Biography

Adhya Tom, a dedicated 4th year medical student at Gulf Medical University in Ajman, pursuing a career as a frontline healthcare professional. With a passion for medicine and a strong commitment to patient care, she aims to make a positive impact in the medical field. She focused on acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in healthcare, with particular interest in Obstetrics and Gynecology. She aspires to contribute to advancements in medical science and provide compassionate, quality care to the community. Her interest in community medicine has also driven me to pitch in adequate knowledge and awareness regarding topics such as HPV, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, etc, by conducting researches with a dedicated community medicine department.

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the prevalence of uterine fibroids among women seeking healthcare facilities in the UAE. Uterine fibroids, common benign tumors, affect a substantial number of women globally. The prevalence varies across demographic factors, with studies indicating rates ranging from 4.5% to 68.6%. The research draws from diverse geographic locations, including the USA, India, China, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and others, providing a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and associated factors. Key findings reveal varying rates among different populations, such as 20% in Chinese women over 35 and 19.75% in Saudi Arabia. Factors like age, family history, alcohol consumption, BMI, and vitamin D deficiency contribute to fibroid prevalence. The study also underscores the impact of uterine fibroids on mental health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care. To enhance the accuracy of diagnoses, the study discusses the use of ultrasound and imaging techniques. Additionally, it addresses the emotional toll of uterine fibroids on women, emphasizing the significance of understanding and addressing mental health aspects. Overall, the study amalgamates global data to shed light on the prevalence, risk factors, and psychological implications of uterine fibroids, contributing valuable insights for healthcare professionals in the UAE and potentially guiding tailored interventions for affected women.

Biography

Jung Min Ryu completed her Master's degree at Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine in 2014 and worked as a Trainee (Intern) at Kyungpook National University Hospital from 2014-2015. She completed her Ph.D. at Daegu catholic university, School of Medicine in 2021 and worked as a Trainee (Resident) at Daegu catholic university hospital from 2016 to 2020 and completed her Fellowship in 2022. She is presently working as an Assistant Professor at Daegu catholic university hospital and a Gynecological cancer specialist at the Korean Society of Gynecological Oncology.

Abstract

Methods: A total of 144 patients with ovarian carcinoma were enrolled in the current study. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for each patient. Immunohistochemical staining for CD42b was performed using a tissue microarray made with paraffin-embedded tissue block to identify intravascular platelet aggregation in ovarian carcinoma. The staining was graded on a grade of 1 to 3 based on the presence of platelet aggregation or microthrombus.

Results: Among the enrolled patients, 25 (17.4%) patients showed grade 1 staining (no platelet aggregation), 85 (59.0%) patients showed grade 2 (platelet aggregation), and 34 (23.6%) patients showed grade 3 (microthrombus). Platelet aggregation or microthrombus was more commonly observed in tissues of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer (p = 0.002, Spearman’s correlation analysis). Survival analysis showed that patients with intravascular platelet aggregation or microthrombus had a poorer prognosis than those without platelet aggregation (5-year OS: grade 1, 72.0%; grade 2, 55.3%; grade 3, 41.2%; p = 0.037).